Left Versus Right Brain and Learning Essay - 737 Words

Each person has a governing hemisphere and once learning becomes a technical process, the idyllic portion of the brain takes charge of solving the issue at hand. There are two sides of the brain, which are the left and the right brain. These directly influence learning and produce different ways of receiving, storing and responding to information that ultimately affects our whole learning process. Even though the learning process improves as a result of the two hemispheres functioning together, human beings are expected to process information based on their dominant hemisphere. This means that we should strengthen our less dominate hemisphere of the brain to properly absorb new meanings and enhance new neural circuits to create†¦show more content†¦The positive effects on the left side brain learners are they can easily and quickly evoke names rather than appearances. Left sided learners are also highly systematized and have great time management skills. They also enjoy cre ating lists to organize their plans in their day to day activites (Lucas, 2008). Left brainers are more likely to thrive in certain careers such as; computer programmers, accounting firms, engineering plants and numerous more technical career fields. People who are left brain dominate are more sequential where on the other hand, people who are right brain dominate are more visual learners. For instance, instead of workbook learning they perfer projects and discussions (Education Alliance, 2014). The main focus of the right brain is visual, which means they process information in an expressive way and they like to show creativity in their work (Cherry, 2014). People who are dominate in their right brain prefer to learn by visually grasping the whole picture first, and then eyeing at the specifics later on. Where as left brained people would pay more attention to detail first. Students with a right brain dominance should integrate a number of hands on activities, which will help with learning the assignment (Education Alliance, 2014). They also should write words down or use drawings to help them visually recollect facts to help them retain information. These students favor perceiveing how aShow MoreRelatedLeft versus Right Brain and Learning800 Words   |  4 PagesLeft versus Right Brain and Learning Each person has a governing hemisphere and once learning becomes a technical process, the idyllic portion of the brain takes charge of solving the issue at hand. There are two sides of the brain, which directly influence learning and produce different ways of receiving, storing and responding to information which ultimately affects our whole learning process. The cerebral cortex is broken down into two hemispheres, left and right, with it being home to the functionsRead MoreEssay on Left Brain vs. the Right Brain916 Words   |  4 PagesThe brain has its own functions and is divided into two hemispheres: the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. Also, has its own way of processing information and each lobe has its specific roles. What happens when damage to the brain occurs? How does it rewire itself to process information or learn new activities?. Damage to each hemisphere of the brain has different effects on the way individuals learn since each hemisphere is in charge of different functions. Furthermore, the brain processesRead MoreEssay about Cognitive Learning and Right Brain vs. Left Brain 950 Words   |  4 Pagespotential that humans to learn. I will be discussing what cognitive learning is and how it contributes to learning and if right versus left-brain dominance impacts how we use our cognitive skills. What is cognitive learning and why is it vital to humans? Cognitive is defined by unabridged dictionary as the â€Å"mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning, as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes†. Learning is the act or process of acquiring knowledge or skill. After thoroughlyRead MoreMy Opinion On The Ultimate Goal904 Words   |  4 Pagestowards placing focus on the individual child and their own unique style of learning. For example, some students are visual learners versus more traditional learners. Therefore, the mixed messages in our society as to what is truly most important when learning takes place are not consistent. In the book, Understanding Childhood Development, the author discusses that more future studies regarding how students learn at a brain development level are needed. For instance, many researchers believe theRead MoreWhich side of the brain do you use?600 Words   |  3 Pagesof the brain do you use? Ever wonder which side of the brain individuals use to learn with? Left and right brain dominates impacts learning way more than people think. There are many theories about each side of the brain dominance. There are many different ways to determine if you are left brained, right brained or even if this whole matter of the learning style of the brain is just a myth. There are many different ways to determine which side of the brain people may use. The right brain dominanceRead MoreLearning Style Comparison Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesLearning Style Comparison 1 Learning Style Comparison HSN/540 Teaching and Learning Strategies Learning Style Comparison 2 Learning Styles Comparison In today’s job market employers are seeking individuals that are ready to take on new positions that require advance training. The job market is very competitive and the low skill jobs are disappearing forcing adults to return to school to learn new skills and be trained to fill these new positions. An Individual that is aware ofRead MoreLeft1188 Words   |  5 PagesLeft Versus Right Brain And The Impacts Learning Human brain has two hemispheres with different function and each has an impact in human learning. The left hemisphere The element of human linear reasoning and language is performed by the left hemisphere. This means that it is the part of the brain responsible for things as grammar and vocabulary (Kalat, 2009). With linear reasoning, this simply gives an added advantage of numerical computation to the persons with the left brain part beingRead MoreGraduation Speech : The Achievement Gap1182 Words   |  5 Pageslinguistically marginalized and poor families and other students (Nieto, 2010). Barton (2004) asserted that the basic rights to equal school access eventually became a reality, but that equal access had not led to equal achievement. Imagine an elementary school where all teachers are able to differentiate their students’ lessons daily in order to meet their individual learning needs; that would be a school where all students would be making academic gains in all subject areas. However, the truthRead MoreThe Effect Of Computer Assisted Language Learning1213 Words   |  5 PagesThe effect of computer assisted language learning (CALL) program on learning vocabulary among EFL left and right hemispheric dominant learners.?European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences,?4(4), 761-777. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in the field of teaching and learning of a foreign language in Iran. This study examines two methods of vocabulary teaching/learning (CALL-based versus non-CALL based). CALL refers to the useRead MoreThe Effects of Bilingualism on Cognitive Development Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagesyears old can speak other than English at home and this number is expected to increase in the coming years. On top of social reasons, the positive effects to the cognitive development of the brain when introduced to a second language are of many. The age of acquisition is vital due to the plasticity of the brain, which according to the critical period hypothesis, begins to level after five years of age. In addition to plasticity, bilingual speakers are more capable of focusing their attention to solve

The Origins Of The Negritude Movement Essay - 1949 Words

The origins of the negritude movement all point towards Aimà © Cà ©saire and his literary works. His 1969 play, A Tempest explores postcolonial identity as it relates to the black self. The portrayal of colonizer and colonized characters highlight differing attitudes towards imperialism. Cà ©saire’s call to the black man invites celebration of their identity as a race with a colorful and trying past. Born in 1913 on the island of Martinique, Aimà © Cà ©saire was immediately tossed into a realm populous with the remains of French colonialism. Although the native language of Martinique Creole was used daily, French was taught to all children in the school systems. It stood as a means to success, and learning it ensured a future outside Martinique. With this knowledge Cà ©saire’s father, â€Å"obsessed with the goal of perfecting their French, he inculcated in them, by means of a highly disciplined regime, an admiration for the literary models of the traditional canon, such as Victor Hugo and Voltaire.† This fervent learning paid off as Cà ©saire excelled in his studies and was eventually granted an opportunity to spend eight years in Paris with the intellectual elite. The culturally rich experience provided opportunities to learn besides other French speakers. During this period, through contact with African poet, Leopold Senghor and other francophone, Cà ©saire began to construct a broader view from his small Caribbean island. He recognized the scope of black identity as it extended beyondShow MoreRelatedHistory And Culture Of The Negritude Movement1658 Words   |  7 PagesNegritude refers to a cultural movement that was launched by French-speaking black graduate students back in the 1930s in Paris from Africa and the Caribbean territories of France s colonies. These black intellectuals gathered around issues of black internationalist and race identity initiatives to fight the imperialism by the French government. They found strength in their mutual idea of affirming pride in their shared African heritage and black identity and reclaiming self-respect, self-relianceRead MoreWhat Is the French Policy of Assimilation About, What Did Scholars Like Leopold Senghor Mean by the Term Negritude as a Strategy for Countering That French Policy and What Is the Place of the Two in the Methodology of Ethnic Conflict Management?1598 Words   |  7 PagesASSIMILATION about, what did scholars like Leopold Senghor mean by the term Negritude as a strategy for countering that French policy and what is the place of the two in the methodology of ethnic conflict management? INTRODUCTION The trajectory of this paper is within the purview of Conflict Resolution and Management. However, it traverses a historical path that takes us back to the era of colonialism in Africa, the Afrocentric Movement leading to independent African states and how this all coalesces intoRead MoreEssay on The Art of Benin1045 Words   |  5 Pageshave always affected how their art was appreciated and this has also coloured the response to the art from Benin. Over time concepts of ‘Race’, defined as a distinct group with a common linage, and ‘Primitive’ which pertains to the beginning or origin, , have been inextricably linked with the perception of Africa. The confusion of the two in the minds of people at the end of the 19th centaury, and some of the 20th, caused a sense of superiority amongst the ‘White Races’ that affected every aspectRead MoreEssay On Colonialism In The Tempest1624 Words   |  7 Pageswhich Cà ©saire is aiming towards, would be much more likely to recognize the relationship between the words Caliban and cannibal being so casually used in the play. Thus, the usage of overemphasizing this irony helps critique the absurdity behinds its origins, and then to critique the treatment of indigenous colored people as a whole. This attack on racism and derogative representations towards indigenous people, help exacerbate Cà ©saire’s critique. One of the biggest ways Cà ©saire attempts to make CalibanRead MoreNative Writers And Intellectuals Presented The Time1362 Words   |  6 Pagesideology is counterintuitive when concerning equality and civil rights. Fredick Douglass made a poignant conclusion to a lecture he gave concerning human unity when he said that blacks need not be either equal or identical in their origins to deserve just treatment. â€Å"a diverse origin does not disprove a common nature, nor does it disprove a untied destiny.† And he like many other black americans of his day, saw Euro-American culture as the pinnacle of civilization. Withstanding that, though blacks saw whiteRead MoreAnalysis Of Africa By David Diop Africa842 Words   |  4 PagesFrench West African poet known for his contribution to the Negritude literary movement, his anti-colonial stance, and his hope for the independence of the African continent. David Diop was born in Bordeaux, France, born to West African descendent parents . Through this poem, Diop conveys his deep love, disappointment, and optimism for the continent of Africa. The poet does this through celebrating and appreciating Africa as his own origin, lamenting for the oppression that Africa faces, as well asRead MorePoem Analysis : I Thank You God1253 Words   |  6 Pagesof a collectively White government. Dadià ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s overview of the Black African race can be categorized in the Negritude Movement beginning the 1930s and 1940s, stimulated by the Harlem Renaissance, due to its origin in the French language and the purpose to spreading Black African pride throughout literature and eliminating the colonialism that rose during the peak of African Independence movements. The interpreted meaning and history behind this poem purses and commemorates Blackness and the being ofRead MoreA Diverse World Of Today Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesdiverse world of today compared to the culture in Africa. The African culture has evolved in many ways due to the adapting influences from other places throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century. Culture is a noun like change or habits showing the origins behaviors, physical, social and cultural developing the human way of life. Anthropologist studied prehistoric people and their culture throughout Africa. In this area, the Anthropologists referred to the Colonial government to understand the peopleRead MoreOral Traditions or Spoken Word in the Caribbean1557 Words   |  7 PagesCaribbean people naturally communicate using music, song, dance and theatre. The way our men walk is in itself a symphony of dance; the lilt of our voices is indeed music to the ear, and we virtually conduct our conversations through the constant movement of our hands when we talk. Our ancestral traditions were in some measure preserved in their transition across the waters from Africa, India and other parts of the globe, through the stories told to our forbearers; whispered remembrances, passed fromRead M ore African Diaspora Essay2370 Words   |  10 Pagesdescribes groups of people who currently live or reside outside the original homelands. We will approach the Diaspora from the lenses of migration; that the migration of people through out of the African continent has different points of origin, different patterns and results in different identity formations. Yet, all of these patterns of dispersion and germination/ assimilation represent formations of the Diaspora. My paper will focus on the complexities of the question of whether

My Mother free essay sample

My Mother Each one of us had had that one person in our lives who changed our lives; that person without whom we could never have achieved all the things we have achieved. This Is the person in our life who teaches us, how to tell the deference between right and wrong, make better life decisions, and get on the path of righteousness. Some might find that person in the form of their friends, parents, life partners and some might put God in place of that person.For me, my mother has been the most Important person in my life. She helped me take all the good decisions In life, supported me In times of misery, celebrated with me In times of happiness and was always by my side. I found a good friend, a great mentor and a knowledgeable teacher In my mother. My mother Is Just an ordinary woman with an extraordinary fortitude, perseverance, determination, a benevolent soul, and a very kind heart. For instance, I can be killing myself working on a project for school all night long with dark circles forming around my tired eyes as I wish they could be closed and rested. Then suddenly, she appears in front of me, really tired from a hard day of work with swollen feet and blisters all over her hands and feet, and sleepy eyes asking me if I need help with anything. She asks me a million times with a worried and squeaky voice: â€Å"Honey, if you do not understand something you know I am here for you, to support you and to guide you with anything you need. Okay?† When I see her face and hear her comments, I sometimes feel my eyes become watery, like a cloud when it is about to rain. Ana Maria has also always looked out for me in high school. She stayed informed about my progress at school, and if she did not have sufficient money for school supplies, she would take money from her car savings to buy my supplies. She has been doing this at since I was five years old and I am very thankful for these actions. Second, she is an enormous guidance in my life because she helps me with my family relationships. For example, the relationship my two little brothers have is like the â€Å"Tom and Jerry† cartoons. Every single day of my life I can see them fighting for something! For instance, when I get back from school, tired, with my feet enflamed from walking all the way home from the bus station, with my head and brain feeling like they are going to explode at any time; I open the house door, and all I see are toys all over the floor. I smell the burned bread from the toaster, and the trash is not out. There is shouting throughout the house and the last thing I see is them fighting and screaming at one another for the play station: â€Å"Give me that! It is my turn to play!† â€Å"No, you have to give me that! You played all day long! It is not fair!† All I think is â€Å"Great moment for my head to blow up!† Then, I see my mom coming from work very exhausted. I ap proach her and say with an irritated tone in my voice, â€Å"Mom, I need help. These kids are out of control! They are so annoying!† she responds in a calm and sweet voice, â€Å"Darling, calm down. We will fix this right now as a family.† And so we do; she seats both of them on the disorganized brown sofa and tells them, â€Å"Share with each other. Give Alejandro the opportunity to play also, okay?† They say with puppy dog eyes, â€Å"Ok, mommy† and with a serious face she tells them to apologize to each other. They understand and obey. Most of the time, she and I cook together for the family. It is her way of teaching me how to cook. She is also very kind to my little brothers when they break something; but only if they did not have the intention to. My mother has taught me how to successful calm the kids down, to cook, and be kind to my family. Furthermore, my mother is the highest motivation I have in this world because she teaches me life lessons. For example, she came to the United States with my little brothers, my disabled dad who lost his leg and vision, and me. She takes care of us even though she is just one person, and does the job of a mother and father at the same time. I know this because I watch her return from work (housekeeping) each day extremely exhausted. When I look at them it hurts me. Sometimes, I feel my heart aching and impotent because I cannot do anything to help with her obligations. When I am going to say something about it, she comes up to me with a worried face and puts her hand on my head and with a sweet voice and smile she says, â€Å"Mi hija (my daughter), you have to focus on your career and future. Everything in this life has a time. Do not worry about me. Parents are supposed to take care of their children.† When I hear this I feel an intense sensation of sadness which causes my e yes to instantly blur. I see how this wonderful woman has been doing all of this for us, her family. My family did not have a car in 2011. She had to go to work by foot for quite some time. Now she has a black and used, but comfortable, Toyota Camry because of her hard work. My mom does not know the English language very well, but with her charismatic personality she can communicate with everybody. Her actions teach me a daily lesson. Even though the path is hard, with love and faith I can make my dreams and goals come true. Finally, Ana Maria Tejeda Martinez is the best encouragement I have on this planet because she supports me with my educational goals, helps my brothers to be better children, and even teaches me lessons that will stay with me forever to help me to have a prosperous future in my cheerful, eventful, and complicated little life. With these anecdotes, I have shown the reasons why my mother is a great person in my eyes, and I do not pay attention to what other people think, because these are the experiences I have lived with her. They are the evidence for why I say awesome things about her all the time. This quote says it all, â€Å"All that I am, or hope to be, I owe to my angel mother.†-Abraham Lincoln

Plymouth plantation free essay sample

William Bradfords non-fictional work, Of Plymouth Plantation, is a book about the early settlement experiences of the Puritans from 1620 to 1647. Bradford is the governor of the Plymouth Plantation, serving in this role for thirty-three years. He is responsible for the creation and government of the settlement. Bradford begins the work detailing the purpose of the Separatistss emigration, who left England to pursue religious freedom. He also introduces the Puritans, a people who objected to the inclusion of mens inventions. The Puritans split from the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church because they believed that the latter two were not upholding the true tenets of the Bible and the Christian faith. Their belief caused them to be rejected and persecuted. Persecutions included arrest, torture, imprisonment, and death. In response to this social rejection, the Puritans attempted to flee to Holland, but not without paying a high price. We will write a custom essay sample on Plymouth plantation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the end of Of Plymouth Plantation, Bradford details corruption and hardship and the first years the Pilgrims experienced in America The First Book, Chapters I-X:The Separatist Interpretation of the Reformation of the Church of England, 1550-1607 Summary and Analysis Chapter one begins with the exodus of men who had become known as professors and wanted to be able to get away from the persecutions of the heathen and their emperors (Chap. I, p. 4). In these times, professors were simply those who had professed their beliefs in Christ; it had no relation to any higher education. Bradford quotes Socrates regarding the treatment of those who would not obey the principles of the established church, saying that the treatment of one Christian to another was equal to, if not worse than, the treatment thrust upon Christians in the early days.

Teaching Functional Skills to Students with Disabilities

Teaching Functional Skills to Students with Disabilities Teaching functional skills will look very differently depending on the age and level of   function of the students.   With young students with disabilities, it is really a matter of creating structure for acquiring those skills not that long after their typical peers.   Still, success in those skills are a mile marker those students need to put behind.   In many cases parents over function for their children with disabilities, and it is often left to the special educator to encourage and coach the parent through self dressing, tooth brushing and the other skills required for independence.   For older students with more significant disabilities, it is incumbent on their teachers to address those functional needs in the present levels of their IEP’s and create programs that lead to success in the functional areas.   These are unquestionably essential for helping students with disabilities reach their full potential, for if they can’t care for their own teeth or dress themselves, they will be unable to live in a supervised group situation that will offer them the possibility of employment and their own highest level of independence. Functional Skills These skills are skills our students need to master before they can truly develop independence: Self Care DressingTooth BrushingWashing   HandsEating with UtensilsBathing Housekeeping Skills Washing tablesLoading the DishwasherMaking the BedElements of a Program to Successfully Address Functional Skills Task Analysis: Breaking it Down Applied Behavior Analysis talks about the â€Å"topography† of behaviors, and there is nowhere the need is clearer than in teaching functional skills.   A task analysis will be the foundation of your data collection and even the way you define success in your student’s IEP.  Ã‚   It is essential not only that you describe each discrete step in the process, but that you do it in a way that is clear to anyone, i.e. aides, substitutes, substitute aides, and parents can clearly understand.   It is also important to also understand the student:   do they have good receptive language?   Will they respond to modeling or will they need hand over hand prompting?   Have you chosen vocabulary to describe the tasks that you can make part of a simple visual or picture prompting system?   Sample:   Pencil Sharpening You will find task analyses attached to the articles about these skills.   For our purposes, I will make a simple task analysis for a skill they will want in the classroom. Then the student identifies that his/her pencil needs sharpening, he/she will:   Raise hand and request trip to the sharpenerWalk quietly to the sharpener.Insert pencil in the correct opening.Push the pencil in, until the red light on top lights.Remove the pencil.Look at the point.   Is it sharp enough?  If yes, return quietly to seat.   If no, repeat steps 3, 4, and 5.   Teach Each Part of the Task There are three ways to teach functional multi-step skills:   Forward, backward and whole skill chaining.   This is the one place your knowledge of your student will be critical.  Ã‚   Using either forward or backward chaining, your goal needs to be sure the student feels successful at each step he or she masters.   For some students, backward chaining is the best, especially when preparing food, because that step leads immediately to the reinforcement: the pancake, or the grilled cheese sandwich.  Ã‚   For some students, you will be able to prompt each step verbally, or with pictures (see social stories!) and they may be able to master all the steps without the visual prompts after only a few probes (or grilled cheese sandwiches!)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Other students will benefit from completing each step as they learn it, and then prompting or modeling the subsequent steps.   This is a great way to teach a skill to students who may have great receptive language, but may have some difficulty with executive function, especially when it comes to remembering multi-stepped activities. Assessment As a special educator, you want to be sure that you have evidence that you have met the goal that should accompany the need expressed in the Present Levels.   A well written task analysis will provide a great platform for assessing student success.   Be sure that you have operationalized each step so anyone observing the student would check off the same items (inter-observer reliability.)

The History of the Human Management of Honey Bees

The History of the Human Management of Honey Bees The history of honey bees (or honeybees) and humans is a very old one. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are an insect that has not exactly been domesticated: but humans have learned how to manage them, by providing them with hives so we can more easily steal the honey and wax from them. That, according to research published in 2015, happened in Anatolia at least as long ago as 8,500 years. But physical changes to bees that are kept are negligible from those that are not kept, and there are no specific breeds of bees that you could reliably identify as domesticated versus wild. Three distinct genetic subspecies of honey bees have been identified, however, in Africa, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe. Harpur and colleagues identified evidence that Apis mellifera originated in Africa and colonized Europe at least twice, producing the genetically distinct Eastern and Western species. Surprisingly, unlike most domesticated species, managed bees have a higher genetic diversity than their progenitors. (See Harpur et al. 2012) Honey Bee Benefits We are fond of the stinging Apis mellifera, of course, for its liquid honey. Honey is one of the most energy-dense foods in nature, consisting of a concentrated source of fructose and glucose containing approximately 80-95% sugar. Honey contains trace amounts of several essential vitamins and minerals and also can be used as a preservative. Wild honey, that is to say, collected from wild bees, contains relatively higher levels of protein, because the honey contains more bee larva and larva parts than kept bees. Honey and bee larva together are excellent sources of energy fat and protein. Beeswax, the substance created by bees to encase their larvae in combs, was and is used for binding, sealing and waterproofing, and fuel in lamps or as candles. The 6th millennium BC Greek Neolithic site of Dikili Tash contained evidence for the use of beeswax as a binding agent. New Kingdom Egyptians used beeswax for medicinal purposes as well as embalming and mummy wrapping. Chinese Bronze Age cultures used it in the lost-wax technique as early as 500 BC, and as candles by the Warring States Period (375-221 BC). Early Use of Honey The earliest documented use of honey dates to at least the Upper Paleolithic, some 25,000 years ago. The dangerous business of collecting honey from wild bees was accomplished then as today, by using a variety of methods, including smoking the hives to reduce the response of the guard bees. Upper Paleolithic rock art from Spain, India, Australia, and southern Africa all illustrate collecting honey. Altamira cave, in Cantabria, Spain, includes depictions of honeycombs, dated approximately 25,000 years ago. The Mesolithic Cueva de la Araà ±a rock shelter, in Valencia Spain, contains depictions of honey collection, bee swarms, and men climbing ladders to get to the bees, at ~10,000 years ago. Some scholars believe that collecting honey is much earlier than that  since our immediate cousins the primates regularly collect honey on their own. Crittendon has suggested that Lower Paleolithic Oldowan stone tools (2.5 mya) could have been used to split open beehives, and theres no reason that a self-respecting Australopithecine or early Homo could not have done that. Neolithic Bee Exploitation in Turkey A recent study (Roffet-Salque et al. 2015) reported discovering beeswax lipid residues within cooking vessels throughout the prehistoric world from Denmark to North Africa. The earliest examples, say researchers, come from Catalhoyuk and Cayonu Tepesi in Turkey, both dated to the 7th millennium BC. Those come from bowls which also contained mammalian animal fat. Further evidence at Catalhoyuk is the discovery of a honeycomb-like pattern painted on the wall. Roffet-Salque and colleagues report that according to their evidence, the practice became widespread in Eurasia by 5,000 cal BC; and that the most abundant evidence for honeybee exploitation by early farmers comes from the Balkan peninsula. Beekeeping Evidence Until the discovery of Tel Rehov, evidence for ancient beekeeping, however, was restricted to texts and wall paintings (and of course ethnohistoric and oral history records, see Si 2013). Pinning down when beekeeping began is thus somewhat difficult. The earliest evidence of that is documents dated to the Bronze Age Mediterranean. Minoan documents written in  Linear B  describe major honey stores, and based on documentary evidence, most other Bronze Age states, including Egypt, Sumer, Assyria, Babylonia, and the  Hittite kingdom  all had beekeeping operations. Talmudic laws from 6th century BC describe the rules of harvesting honey on the Sabbath and where the proper place was to put your hives relative to human houses. Tel Rehov The oldest large production facility for producing honey identified to date is from Iron Age Tel Rehov, in the Jordan Valley of northern Israel. At this site, a large facility of unfired clay cylinders contained the remains of honey bee drones, workers, pupae, and larvae. This apiary included an estimated 100-200 hives. Each hive had a small hole on one side for the bees to enter and exit, and a lid on the opposite side for the beekeepers to access the honeycomb. The hives were located on a small courtyard that was part of a larger architectural complex, destroyed between ~826-970 BC (calibrated). About 30 hives have been excavated to date. Scholars believe the bees are the Anatolian honey bee (Apis mellifera  anatoliaca), based on morphometric analyses. Currently, this bee is not local to the region. Sources Bloch G,  Francoy  TM, Wachtel I, Panitz-Cohen N, Fuchs S, and Mazar A. 2010.  Industrial apiculture in the Jordan valley during Biblical times with Anatolian honey bees.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  107(25):11240-11244. Crittenden AN. 2011.  The Importance of Honey Consumption in Human Evolution.  Food and Foodways  19(4):257-273. Engel MS, Hinojosa-Dà ­az IA, and Rasnitsyn AP. 2009. A honey bee from the Miocene of Nevada and the biogeography of Apis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apini).  Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences  60(1):23. Garibaldi LA, Steffan-Dewenter I, Winfree R, Aizen MA, Bommarco R, Cunningham SA, Kremen C, Carvalheiro LG, Harder LD, Afik O et al. 2013.  Wild Pollinators Enhance Fruit Set of Crops Regardless of Honey Bee Abundance.  Science  339(6127):1608-1611. doi: 10.1126/science.1230200 Harpur BA,  Minaei  S, Kent CF, and Zayed A. 2012.  Management increases genetic diversity of honey bees via admixture.  Molecular Ecology  21(18):4414-4421. Luo W, Li T, Wang C, and Huang F. 2012.  Discovery of Beeswax as​   Journal of Archaeological Science  39(5):1227-1237.binding agent on a 6th-century BC Chinese Turquoise-inlaid Bronze sword. Mazar A, Namdar D, Panitz-Cohen N, Neumann R, and Weiner S. 2008.  Iron Age beehives at Tel Rehov in the Jordan valley.  Antiquity  81(629–639). Oldroyd BP. 2012.  Domestication of honey bees was associated with   Molecular Ecology  21(18):4409-4411.expansion of genetic diversity. Rader R, Reilly J, Bartomeus I, and Winfree R. 2013.  Native bees buffer the negative impact of climate warming on honey bee pollination of watermelon crops.  Global Change Biology  19(10):3103-3110. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12264 Roffet-Salque, Mà ©lanie. Widespread exploitation of the honeybee by early Neolithic farmers. Nature volume 527, Martine Regert, Jamel Zoughlami, Nature, November 11, 2015. Si A. 2013.  Aspects of Honeybee Natural History According to the  Solega.  Ethnobiology Letters  4:78-86. doi: 10.14237/ebl.4.2013.78-86 Sowunmi MA. 1976.  The potential value of honey in  Ã‚  Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology  21(2):171-185.palaeopalynology  and archaeology.

Cooperative Learning Activity and Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cooperative Learning Activity and Paper - Essay Example Some students may be very dormant while others may be fully involved, hence lack of accountability and equal participation which, are the basics of cooperative learning. Unlike cooperative learning whereby individual student performance is monitored publicly, in group work, the overall outcomes from the group is what matters most even if one of the students did not get the concept of the learning activity, hence cooperative learning is more efficient than group work (McCafferty et al, 2006). Activities that can be done in cooperative learning groups includes; teacher identifying a specific topic with different subtopics. Under the subtopics, each student is given a task to research on and finally presents it in their cooperative learning groups as the other students listens to the posed ideas and clarifies on any issue that is not clear. Through this, all the individuals gain from the learning activity. Another cooperative learning activity is modelling of a structure like maybe an urban planning landscape, whereby each student is given a different component of the landscape to incorporate into the whole landscape model. After each student has carried out their task, all the students are responsible and accountable of the final model of the urban landscape. In addition, a student may be given an area of expertise to teach the whole class. Through this, the student teaching gains as much as the learners through what he or she has taught (McCafferty et al, 2006). A good example, in an elementary class, grade one, where shapes are the best method of introducing geometry in mathematics, cooperative learning can be incorporated to the students learning. In a class that is meant to go for an hour, students can be divided into four groups with five individuals each. Each group is to be assigned a shape like circle, triangle, square and rectangle. A

Varieties of Judgment in the Critique of Pure Reason Assignment

Varieties of Judgment in the Critique of Pure Reason - Assignment Example As a result, while synthetic judgments are informative, they must be justified by referring to external or outside principles. On this theme, Kant begins by supposing that both Hume and Leibniz had not properly between the two distinct forms of judgment and that, in fact, they had made only one distinction, which was the difference between uninformative truths on the basis of pure reason and factual matters on the basis of sensory experience (Kant 37). Kant argues that the two distinctions were not wholly coextensive; also stating that all four combinations that are logically possible should be taken into consideration. The first combination, analytic a posteriori judgments, is not logical because one does not need to use experience in order to support an assertion that is purely explicative. Secondly, synthetic a posteriori judgments would be considered as generally uncontroversial facts that humans come to know of because of their sensory experience (Kant & Hatfield 45). Thirdly, analytic a priori judgments are those that are necessarily true because they include all straightforward definitions and merely logical truths. Finally, synthetic a priori judgments can be considered as the most crucial case from Kant’s arguments, specifically because they can only provide necessarily true new information.

South Florida from Michigan Essay Example for Free

South Florida from Michigan Essay John and Jenny Grogan, a newlywed couple who move to South Florida from Michigan, work in the newspaper business, John is a reporter and Jenny is a freelance feature writer. At the advice of Johns friend Sebastian, who claims that adopting a dog will pause Jennys biological clock, John and Jenny adopt an adorable yellow Labrador puppy that is touted by the breeder as being on sale. Jenny affectionately calls the puppy Clearance Puppy, but is ultimately named Marley. A rambunctious dog, the Grogans take Marley to a trainer, only to discover that even the trainer cannot control Marley. When the couple tries to start a family, Marley gets older, and is still chewing on furniture, stealing food, and will not obey commands. John, who is the breadwinner in the family, is struggling with being a popular columnist for the newspaper he works at, continuously telling his boss that he had always wanted to be a reporter. Jenny is often left alone to suffer the frustrations of early motherhood, eventually getting so fed up with Marleys antics that she demand that John take Marley to a new home. Of course, Jenny changes her mind after she had time to herself to sort things out. From there, John gets a job in Pennsylvania, and with the move, the family becomes a picture of the American Dream; a nice home in the country, three children, and a dog. By this time, Marley is considered a senior, and his aging hits the family hard. In the end, Marley dies of a twisted stomach, a common ailment in larger dogs. After a small, and heartbreaking, funeral, the family who loved that dog so much moves on, better off for having known Marley. McCarthy, Todd. (December 21, 2008). Marley Me. Variety. April 7, 2009. http://www. variety. com/review/VE1117939263. html? categoryid=31cs=1

The yellow wallpaper -- essays research papers

Using examples from all of the texts from this specific unit compare and contrast the conflicts that drive these struggles of the main characters. Look for similarities and look for differences within those similarities. Look for differences and look for similarities within those differences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story â€Å"The yellow wall paper† the main character struggles due to her husband oppression and she suffers herself until getting mental ill. She is put by her husband on a nursery home to be taking care of, but her fear, anxiety and necessity of communication and comprehension from her husband and with the outside world doesn’t make her any better â€Å"I sometimes fancy that in my condition if I had less opposition and more society stimulus-but John says that very worst thing I can do to think about my condition and confess it always makes me feel bad† (507). She is stalwartly hoping to be taken out of the nursery but she had never confronted her husband. â€Å"I wish I could get better† (509). â€Å"But I most not think about that† (509).The yellow wallpaper found in the character’s bedroom grabbed her attention since she first saw it. She found a resemblance of her life and what the wallpaper represents. She w ants to be in her own stated of mind again, but her husband is going to take her physician fro nervous disorder if she doesn’t get better â€Å"John says if I don’t pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall† (511). She wishes to be cure but her fears to John don’t allow her to have a confrontation with him. She is very afraid of him and as a consequence, she keeps focusing in the wall paper as a way of escaping from that life that she has.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Gilded six-bits† is a story of love, infidelity, and pardon. Joe has a modest but cheerful home. Newlywed, he and his wife Missie May have a joyful and unpretentious life; until a polished and stylish stranger enters into their community demolish their marriage. The infidelity and disloyalty is what makes the main character struggles. Missie May have a relationship with an affluent gay that had moved into their neighborhood â€Å"Oh Joe, honey, he said he wuz gointer give me dat gold money and he jes’ kept on after me† (1278). That was her excuse for the infidelity. Even though Joe was wounded, he never left his wife, â€Å"She loved him too much, but she could not u... ...† (2047). Norma tries to do weights and heavy work while Leroy has a disable condition. They both struggle trying to find who they really are and what they want to accomplish in their life. Finally, after this life change, they realize that their marriage is now devastated and tried to repair by going away. The struggles that they went through made one of them fainted and Norma finally noticing that her life has nonsense and that she doesn’t really know who she is, tries to kill herself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story â€Å"Painting Churches†, reveals the story of a complex relationship between a family conformed by aged parent and a young daughter, trying to pursue an artist carrier. While the family tries to move out of their old house, Mags, the young daughter, comes in from Boston to help them move out of the house and at the same she wants to do a portrayal of them â€Å"It’s a perfect opportunity. There will be no distractions; you will be completely at my mercy† (2154). When the time goes by in the story, in between wrapping, rhetoric and painting, it begins to survey deeper into the hostility, grudge and misapprehend of the Church family.

Neoclassicism vs Romanticism

Neoclassicism & Romanticism (17809181 Neoclassicism, sass: Neoclassical pieces generally portrayed Roman history; they elevated Roman heroes. During the sass was an Age of Reason and through its history paintings, its works were modes for conveying the Enlightenment ideals. Many of the pieces, like the Oath of the Horntail, are reactions to the revolutions of their time. This piece is a call to arms, which shows that man is great and can be in control.Pieces during the Neoclassical time show a heightened contemplative moment like the one in this piece. Characteristics: -brought back and depicted Roman history formal composition -the use of diagonals shows the apex of emotion/moment (versus a regular moment) – local color -overall lighting -classic ego-structure -completed canvas Romanticism, sass-sass: Unlike Neoclassicism, Romanticism was during the Age of Passion; there was no time for contemplation, so pieces generally showed emotional extremes.Romanticism is a reaction to the classical, contemplative nature of Neoclassical pieces. Romanticism celebrated the elemental forces of nature, depicting nature as out of control. When the uncontrollable nature is compared to life, it makes people think life should be uncontrollable; life should be continuously on the edge. Shows the height of action -emotional extremes -celebrated nature as out of control -dramatic compositions -heightened sensation (life and death moments) Works: Neoclassicism in France: Ad ©l ¤did Labile-Guard, Self-portrait with Two Pupils, 1785 Jacques Louis-David, Oath of the Horntail, 1784-1785 Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Pointing to her Children as Her Treasures, 1785 Romanticism: Antoine-Jean Gross, Napoleon in the Plague House at Gaff, 1804 Jean-Augusta Dominique Ingress, Large Odalisque, 1814 Ad ©l ¤did Labile-Guard, Self-portrait with Two Pupils, 1785, Oil on Canvas pastel colors, delicately curving forms, dainty figures and a light-hearted mood – French portrait pai nting before the French Revolution of 1789, like this piece, may be characterized as a modified form of Rococo; elegant informality continued to be featured, but new themes were introduced, figures tended to be larger and more robust and compositional arrangements were more stable -Labile-Guard was elected to one of the four places in the French Academy available to women and later successfully petitioned to end the restriction on women -this work is often seen as a orphanage piece that argues for the place of women in the Academy -the monumental image of the artist at her easel was meant to eradicate any rumors that men painted her works and the works of other female artists; for example, in a role reversal, the only male in her work is her muse – her father, whose bust is behind her -the self-portrait flatters the painter's conventional feminine charms in a manner generally consistent with the Rococo tradition; she has a more monumental female type, in keeping with her conc eption of women as important contributors to national fife, which is an Enlightenment aspiration; the triangular arrangement of the figures adds to this effect -the work also shows a rich palette and fine detail -the artist's fashionable dress asserts her femininity; the presence of her pupils and the statue of the Vestal Virgin in the background emphasize the feminist mood (and show that women can and should be teachers) – in ancient Rome, the Vestal virgins were the holy priestesses of Vests, the goddess of the hearth; their primary task was to maintain the sacred fire of Vests – the Vestal duty brought great honor and afforded greater privileges to women who served in that role Jacques Louis-David, Oath of the Horntail, 1784-1785, Oil on Canvas -royal commission -reflects the taste and values of Louis XVI who was sympathetic to the Enlightenment -following Doter's lead, the king believed art should improve public morals -the painting was inspired by the seventeenth century drama Horace – Roman history = Rome v.Alba (sons of Horace fight for Rome) -in the painting, the Horntail (three sons of Horace) are shown with their father, pledging an oath to the State -in contrast to the upright muscular angularity of the men is a group of limp weeping women and righted children – sad due to probability of death, but also because of the women's involvement with the enemy (through marriage, etc) women = weak -the composition effectively contrasts the men's stoic willingness to sacrifice themselves for the State with the women's emotional commitment to family ties -composition is a classical pyramid (geometric/structural – divided into three compartments) -David wants the revolution – call to arms -painting extols antique virtues of stoicism -vanishing point at the sword – symbolic -goes back to Roman history with morality tales everything adds up to the â€Å"thesis† – standing up for your beliefs (moral co urage) – women = the counterargument; looking for a Just government -during the Age of Reason, the world could be known through study and a painter could paint a rational painting that could change the world -areas of local color draw the viewer across the canvas Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Pointing to her Children as Her Treasures, 1785, Oil on Canvas -for an English patron -Neoclassical history painting, subjects drawn from classical antiquity (Age of Reason, contemplation) -the story takes place in the second century BCC, during theRepublican era of Rome (Roman history) -a woman visitor has been showing Cornelia her Jewels and then requests to see those of her hostess; Cornelia turns to her sons and says that these are her most precious Jewels -Cornelia exemplifies the â€Å"good mother† (popular subject in late eighteenth century) -in the reforming spirit of the Enlightenment – depicted subjects that would teach lessons in virtue (didactic paintings) -the v alue of Carnelian's maternal education is emphasized by the fact that under her loving care the sons grew up to be political reformers -setting = simple like the message), but the effect of the whole is softened by the warm, subdued lighting and by the tranquil grace of the leading characters Antoine-Jean Gross, Napoleon in the Plague House at Gaff, 1804, Oil on Canvas – chronicled Napoleon's military campaigns -added Romantic elements: dramatic lighting, emotionally stimulating elements, main action is meant to incite veneration, not republican virtue – at the center of a small group of soldiers and a doctor, Napoleon calmly reaches toward the sores of one of the victims, the image of a Christ-like figure healing the sick with his touch, unconsciously intended to promote him as semi-divine (Gross paints the gore = Romantic) -idealized account of an actual incident: During Napoleon's campaign against the Turks in 1799, bubonic plague broke out among his troops.Napoleon decided to quiet the fears of the healthy by visiting the sick and dying, who were housed in a converted mosque -shallow stage and a series of arcades behind the main actors are inspired by Davit's Oath of the Horntail Jean-Augusta Dominique Ingress, Large Odalisque, 1814, Oil on Canvas -odalisque: a female slave or concubine in a sultan's harem (sexual fantasy – repressed) -body urine away from the master's gaze makes her erotic and aloof -the cool blues of the couch and the curtain at the right heighten the effect of the woman's warm skin, while the tight angularity of the crumpled sheets accentuates the languid, sensual contours of her form -fluid line/elegant postures = Neoclassical -Romantic themes = odalisque in a highly personal fashion, her body is not anatomically correct, but is aesthetically pleasing -fascination with the exotic – exploration – French discover exotic near East during Napoleon's campaigns – commissioned by the Queen of Naples - concerned with the line, not remaining true to form

Body Piercing and Using Steroids

Nowadays, more and more teenagers are interested in body piercing while their parents don’t agree with them. On the other hand, using steroids is common among athletes and young people who want to increase their muscle size or reduce their body fat. Although getting body piercing and using steroids have become popular activities in modern society, they can both be very dangerous. There are different reasons why young people take steroids or pierce their bodies. Recently, piercings of the lip, tongue, nose, ear, navel, and nipple are growing in the world. The reasons for piercing vary greatly; some people pierce to fit into a certain group that they want to be the member of. Some teenagers pierce to be rebellious against their parents. However, some young people use steroids to increase their performance in sports. For example, Arnold Schwarzenegger has used steroids in 1974, 1977, 1967, 1992, and 1996. He said, â€Å"I used them because they help me an extra five percent, but it was a risky thing to do. † Others use steroids to change their appearance. This drug gives muscles the potential to grow bigger and stronger more quickly. Both users of steroids and people who have their bodies pierced have a similar purpose: to call attention to their body. Some people who use steroids want to show off their body shape with big strong muscles. In addition, most people who have their body pierced try to decorate their bodies with ornate jewelry pieces and show off their personalstyle or follow popular fashion. There are two different ways to have the body pierced or to take steroids. Piercing body is a piercing or a puncture made in a body with a needle. After that, a piece of jewelry is installed into the puncture. The needle must be very sharp and clean, and the pierced area should be clean too. Nevertheless, steroids are taken as pills or are injected. There are several different methods to use. One of them is called cycling, in which users take steroids for six to twelve weeks or more, stop for several weeks, and then start again. What happen after someone uses more steroids? He gains weight very rapidly. According to the author of, Dying to Be Bigger: †I was told to take maybe two or three per day, but I immediately started taking five per day. My body transformations were clearly visible. In less than a month, I took the entire three-month supply. I gained nearly thirty pounds. Most of my weight was from water retention, although at the time I believed it to be muscle. † Conversely, there is often no big problem after body piercing for users, but they should be careful about the piercing area. The approximate healing time for body piercing sites varies. It could be between two weeks and nine months. Both activities, using steroids and getting body piercing, can also lead to some emotional or physical side effects . According to ygoy, the side effects of piercing are nerve damage if the piercing is in an unsafe area of the body; cross-contamination, which is an infection or virus through dirty needles; allergies and infections if your skin is sensitive; pain; keloids; a type of scarring; and prohibition of donating blood for a year.

Kill Two Birds With One Stone in French

Kill Two Birds With One Stone in French The French proverb faire dune pierre deux coups seems a little more humane than its English equivalent, to kill two birds with one stone, but theres no telling what the two jobs are- the proverbial stone could be killing birds, or it might be knocking cans off a wall or striking two windows at once. Of course, this is all very literal; the proverb is really talking about efficiency, getting two things done at the same time instead of just one. Pronunciation: [fehr dun pyehr deu koo] Meaning: to kill two birds with one stone Literal translation: to strike twice with one stone, to do two jobs with one stone Register: normal Examples Si tu viens avec moi, on peut faire dune pierre deux coups. If you come with me, we can kill two birds with one stone. Jai fait dune pierre deux coups  : en rentrant de la poste, je suis passà © par le pressing pour rà ©cupà ©rer ta veste. I killed two birds with one stone: on my way back from the post office, I went to the dry-cleaners and picked up your jacket. Synonymous expression: Faire coup double Related expression: Faire un coup (informal) - to do a job, particularly something illegal

The Canterbury Tales Essay

The Canterbury Tales Essay The Canterbury Tales Essay Interconnections between Characters in the Canterbury Tales There are numerous inter-connections between tales in The Canterbury Tales. There are also interconnections between characters across tales in the book. This could be attributed to the fact that there are themes that the author seeks to address in the book. These themes run throughout the book and are brought out by different characters within the book. Thus, whereas it may seem that there are interconnections between tales and characters within the book, it is part of a wider plot by Chaucer to bring out certain themes within the book. This paper explores some of the inter-connections between tales and characters within the book. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer is one of the most complicated and extraordinary pieces of fictional art of its time. The story revolves around thirty pilgrims journeying to Becket’s Canterbury shrine. On their way, the pilgrims hold a contest of narrating tales with moral lessons for the rest of the pilgrims to draw. The person whose tale is judged to be the best is going to win a prize. The rest of the group will also benefit from the free entertainment provided. Thus The Canterbury Tales are not tales intended purely for entertainment purposes, there is a moral lesson to every story. The youthful wife in Miller’s tale is very similar to the Wife of Bath in many aspects even as much as they appear to be very different in the in the beginning. The two women bring out the beliefs that are viewed as anti feminine in both tales in the time that Canterbury Tales were written by Chaucer although this is brought out in different ways. In Miller’s Tale, Alison the young wife has lots of passion for other men apart from her own husband. The Wife of Bath on the other hand has no shame whatsoever in displaying her multiple marriages. The Wife of Bath and Alison seem very different in the public view, they are completely similar inside. The Miller’s Tale gives a hint in the beginning that things are not as they seem, Alison is described as a weasel in the beginning, in this it is implied that Alison can sleep with anyone other than her husband and it would not bother her in any way. Alison’s character is brought out as one who does not mind about her infidelity acts in the start of the tale but in the end she does not commit adultery with Nicholas but with only one man. Alison does not agree to every man who shows in her, Absolon for instance who is absolutely infatuated by Alison is totally dismissed and she further treats him very badly to dismiss him completely. This is brought out to show the reader that she is not who she is portrayed to be in the beginning of the tale. The wife of Bath is not portrayed as an upstanding woman in the public eyes. She lets the public know that she has 5 husbands’ previously when she speaks to her audience and that she is looking forward to getting a sixth one soon. This is taken very negatively by the audience and is taken as something that is not accepted in their society. She goes ahead and tells the audience that the main reason why she marries is to get money. The Wife of Bath further tells the audience that she never value her husbands love as long as they were married since all she always wanted was his money and was content with the money. She proudly states the fact that she is proud of the fact that her husband used to feed from her own palms. The wife of Bath tells her audience out rightly that she is not alone in what she does that all women do the same thing only that they do not come out and say as she had and they do not show it to the public. In her opinion, she told the audience that women are able to lie twice more than men as long as what they know what they are defending is good for them. She also told them that women are capable of victimizing their husband’s and taking advantage of them to a great extent especially those women who are ugly. She also explained that women usually control most of the factors in their marriage hence their ability to control their husband’s money. She told them that women mostly marry for money and if not for money they marry for sex since money and sex are the main attraction for women to get into marriage and without them they walk out. If money lacks in the marriage even sex will not be possible hence money being the most important thing in every marriage she explai ned. The Wife of Bath explained that all women act like she does and they ought to act so or they will act that way in the near future no matter what. Alison in the tale hid her evil motives in the illusion of being whole while the Wife of Bath made all her life to be known to everyone. The Wife of Bath seemed to encourage all women to act as she does. Alison and The Wife of Bath are different when it comes to the public but in private they are totally similar in all ways. The Tale of the wife of Bath and the Miller’s Tale seem to be in agreement concerning anti-feminist beliefs that prevailed in the mid ages. Both women in these two tales have disregard for their husbands. Alison, the woman in the Miller’s Tale, does not have respect for her husband. She commits adultery without caring about how her actions could affect their relationship. The Wife of bath on the other hand sees her numerous husbands as sources of money. The wife of Bath does not marry for anything else but money. Her disregard for men is also not just limited to drawing money for them, she also cheats on her husband. The Miller’s tale and the tale of the wife of Bath portray women as stubborn, deceitful and conniving. Women are also portrayed as promiscuous. They cannot get enough from their husbands and have to seek sexual gratification from other men which is hardly enough. The reasons discussed above show close similarities between the wife of Bath’s tale and the Miller’s tale. Despite the fact that the experiences that bring out the similarities are markedly different, the effects of these experiences bring out common themes among the tales. One of the underlying themes brought out by the two tales is the roles that men and women played in society in the middle ages. There is also a connection between the Miller’s tale, the tale of the wife of Bath and the Knight’s tale. The connection among these three tales is the role of women in society. The Knight’s Tale is one of courtliness and good moral behavior. However, under the surface there is a strong theme of evil women. The main character in the Knight’s Tale, Emily, captures and manipulates the hearts of unsuspecting young men. Once they are under her control, she manipulates them in a similar manner to the manipulation done by the women in the Miller’s tale and the tale of the wife of Bath. The Wife of Bath’s tale and the Pardoner’s tale are not only the two most entertaining and morals lade tales within the book. Both stories as mentioned bring out the theme of morality in. Morality in the Wife of Bath’s tale is expressed through the goodness of the lowly or downtrodden in society. Towards the end of the tale, there is a clash between the protagonist and the antagonist of the story. It is only when the knight and the old woman come face to face that we clearly get the message of the wife of Bath. She teaches that gentleness does not come with one’s class but rather is a virtue that one consciously chooses to pursue. The wife goes further to say that class is earned and not something that one is born with. Despite the questionable character of the wife, she has some moral lesson to impart which she does quite well. The wife comes out as an intelligent woman when talking about the sensibilities of her time. According to her, there are many reasons why it is better to be poor than to be rich. She gives an example of the Christian faith where God, who is the most powerful, lived a life of poverty while on earth. The Pardoner’s Tale is also not short of moral lessons. The moral stance of this tale is that money is the root of all evil. The greed for money leads to a lot of ills among them two homicides. The Pardoner’s Tale is also quite entertaining. Irony is used in the tale to bring out humor. Upon stumbling on gold, the three men who find it are told by their leader that the treasure belongs to the trio referring to them as chaps. The irony is that the word chaps in the story is not used to mean that they are friends but rather the term refers to jaw bones. Unknown to the group, their leader is already planning to kill them and keep the wealth all to himself. The pardoner also gives the story of three men who were looking for a man named death. In their search, the three men fin gold. One would not associate gold with death or anything sinister. Gold is instead associated with wealth, and a good life. However, the three men ironically meet their death as a result of the discovery of the gold. The three men meet the death that they have been searching from the beginning through the discovery of the gold. The two tales have tragedies in common. Amid the tragedies, Chaucer manages to paint a picture of hope. For instance in the tale of the Wife’s Bath, the Knight gets away scot free with rape. This to a great extent is an injustice in the eyes of the reader. is online essay writing service which is committed to provide students with high-quality custom written essays, research papers and dissertations.

UNIQLO Company, Global Marketing Analysis Essay

UNIQLO Company, Global Marketing Analysis - Essay Example 2. The Uppsala Model 8 Section Three 11 Macro environmental analysis 11 Market specific analysis 14 Section Four 16 Market Entry Modes 16 List of references 19 Section One Introduction Uniqlo Company limited is a Japanese clothing company. The name Uniqlo was as a result of the combination of ‘Unique’ and ‘clothing’ (Frankel, 2011). This company specializes in the manufacturing and retailing of casual wear (Uniqlo, 2012). It was first established in 1984 by Tadashi Yanai and opened its first shop in Hiroshima in that same year. The company was originally a division of the Fast retailing Company limited, a retail holding company. Fast retailing company owns many other brands that include Aspesi, foot park, National Standard and Princess Tam-Tam among others (Fast Retailing, 2010). Uniqlo has continued to be in existence in the fashion industry for a long period of time making impact and changing the perceptions people hold of the fashion industry. In 2005 its management restructured it and separated it from Fast Trading Company to form a new wholly owned subsidiary called Uniqlo Company Limited. It was during the same period of time that it became listed on the Tokyo Stock exchange (Fast Retailing, 2010). Uniqlo is currently headed by Yadashi Yanai who was its founder and president but has other managers in the various outlets of the company. History Uniqlo first began its operations in Hiroshima where it opened its first shop in 1984. ... The parent company continued its operations under its original name Ogori Shoji until 1991 when it rebranded to Fast retailing company. Unique began a spirited effort to expand its market and by the end of 1994 the company had over 100 stores in Japan only (Fast Retailing, 2010). The company was fast growing and therefore had to think of strategies that would enable it to continue serving its markets. This necessitated it to come up with the SPA strategies adopted from The Gap- an American retailing giant, which aimed at producing and selling their clothing exclusively (Fast Retailing , 2011). The company then set out for overseas expansion after sales turnover and gross profit from their operations in Japan peaked in 2001, boasting of over 500 stores in Japan only. In 2002, the company established Fast Retailing Apparel Company in china and began operating the first Uniqlo outlet in Shanghai China. Uniqlo then made a huge move in 2002 from the Asian market to venture into the Europe an market and established four outlets in London (Fast Retailing, 2010). The England market proved difficult to work in with as sales were below the company’s expectations. This caused a sharp drop in profits in 2003 and the company began working jointly with other Japanese companies and celebrities in order to boost its dwindling sales. Since 2005, the company has engaged itself in an aggressive expansion plan and has opened stores all over the world including, The United States with stores in New York City, In China with stores in Hong Kong and formed a joint venture with Lotte in order to enter the South Korean Market. It has continued its operations in Europe opening more stores since the profits and sales began to

Research Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment - Research Paper Example Therefore, arguments that Information technology has lost its strategic value are baseless. According to Carr, companies were investing too much of their resources on IT (Carr, 2003). He therefore argued that it’s the high time that they turn their focus on risks rather than competitive advantage. However, this is not the case. After the entry of information technology, there was a boom as each company wanted to align itself effectively in the market. At the same time, globalization intensified as a result of liberalization of markets, efficient flow of information, and integration of economies. Consequently, companies were expanding their markets and operations in order to expand their sources of revenues. Therefore, they needed the necessary IT to enable them to monitor and manage various operations by the subsidiaries. This increased the demand. However, over the years, companies have reduced their spending on IT and have now focused on improving the existing infrastructure. Therefore, it is not right to argue that the value of information technology has diminish ed. On the contrary, new firms still invest heavily on IT. Nevertheless, with time they reduced this spending spree and focus on training and equipping their subordinates with the necessary skills to enable them maximize the returns through the use of IT. Carr argues that the greatest IT risk is overspending (Carr, 2003). He states that this puts the company at a cost disadvantage. However, this is not the case with the changes being experienced in the market. Initially, there were only few firms in the market. However, with the increasing levels of liberalization, multinational companies have entered different markets across the world in order to reduce the risks and uncertainties associated with concentrating on a single market. Research indicates that these companies

Analyse the contribution of yeats to the irish cultural literary Essay

Analyse the contribution of yeats to the irish cultural literary revival - Essay Example Yeast’s rich knowledge about Irish myths and legends and his meetings with Freedom fighters like John .O. Leary inspired him to write about the concept of Nationalist Ireland. Online article titled Irish Literary Revival gives relevant ideas about the Irish Literary Revival. It remarks; â€Å"But it was the Revival, and the Abbey Theatre, in particular, that brought the movement to redeem Irish culture and language from the closed councils of a few, to the mainstream life of the common person† (Usher, M., Jeremy, 2000). Researchers and historians have mentioned that both Abby theatre and the National Dramatic Society have played a significant role in literary revival. These two institutions have paved the way for new poets and dramatists in to the new world of literature. In his online article entitled Irelands Literary Revival: The Story of Irish Literatures Renaissance: Yeats, Synge, OCasey, Mike Gerrald comments : â€Å"It was a period when people including WB Yeats, JM Synge, George Bernard Shaw and Sean OCasey were writing† (Gerrard, Mike, 2007). Literary researchers mentioned that Yeats helped to drive out the existing political and cultural superiority of Britain in Ireland. Yeats and his followers have broken the shadow of British dominance in the field of Irish literature and they found the soul of Irish literature. Through his literarily works W.B Yeats had explored social, cultural and political tradition and diversity of Ireland. His poems have provided a new spirit of nationality to the people in Ireland lead the formation of various national organizations. The web article entitled W.B. Yeats and the Irish Literary Revival helps the reader to understand more about Yeast’s contribution in Irish literary revival. It comments that; â€Å"Yeats and the Literary Revival did indeed contribute to the formation of the new sense of national identity that was also being promoted by agencies such as the Gaelic Athletic Association and the

Analysis Aviss Existing Marketing Strategy

Analysis Aviss Existing Marketing Strategy Avis jump up at Vietnam market from June 2009. They stand at one of leader positions in the car rental industry. Avis is always confident that they would bring to customers a consistent high quality and recognizable service with our dedicated team of employees  [1]  . In Vietnam market, Avis is developing tremendously two fields which are short term leasing and long term leasing. In this report, I will analysis Aviss existing marketing strategy and value creation process by marketing mix (4Ps) to help stakeholders to have an overview about advantages and disadvantages of Aviss marketing strategy. From the research of Avis that I showed at previous part, I would give the company recommendations about their marketing strategy to increase their market share, profitability,value creation, and sustainability. C:UsersHIEPCTDesktopabout_avis_1.jpg INTRODUCTION Avis always has been known as a strong brand name in the world. They have more than 3000 offices in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia and 2000 offices in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the Latin America/Caribbean region. In 1970, the first office of Avis was opened in Asian in Hong Kong. Through 10 years, Avis developed steadily with many new locations in Singapore, the Philippines, Pakistan, Malaysia and Indonesia. Recently, the company opened more operations in India, China and Taiwan in 2007. Avis realized that Asia is a very potential market, so that they develop their network bigger and bigger in here. At the moment, Avis has over 235 offices in Asia in countries below: Bangladesh* Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Brunei India Mariana Islands Sri Lanka China Japan (Sales Office) Pakistan Taiwan (Sales Office) Guam Korea (South) Philippines Thailand Hong Kong Macau Sakhalin (East Russia) Vietnam At present, Avis seems to be the most popular international car rental brand in Asia with more than 34000 cars and about 2500 staffs in all operations. Long term car leasing is a type of business which Avis want to focus on. The kind of leasing has many special benefits and services which the company would bring to customers when they choose it. Current Situation of Avis Access the existing marketing strategy of Avis I would analysis 4Ps to identify the existing marketing strategy of Avis: Elements: Aviss long-term car rental services Product (Service) If you need a car in Vietnam for an extended period of time (1 year or more) but do not wish to commit yourself to buying one then Avis car leasing is for you! Avis can bring to customers benefits and services: Lower monthly payment compared to car rental Choice of your preferred vehicle make, model, color and specs Use of a professionally trained English speaking Avis driver Convenience insurance, road tax, servicing and maintenance all taken care by Avis Complimentary replacement vehicle during vehicle servicing Access to a dedicated Avis Car Leasing Account Manager Complimentary 24 Hours breakdown assistance Exclusive worldwide Avis car rental discounts for travel and home leave  [2]   Place (Distribution) Avis has over 5000 locations in the world and they have two offices in Vietnam market. Price Avis is one of the strongest brand names in the field and their services are always standing at the top, so that their price cannot cheap. Promotion Avis is a popular brand name, so that they always receive many attentions from media although they dont need to promote too much. On the other hand, Avis also advertise their services on social networks like Facebook It can be seen easily that Avis is using differentiation marketing strategy after analysing 4Ps. http://www.unconsultancy.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/generic-strategies.gif The marketing strategy of the company is differentiation that means Avis want to make differentiations in the Vietnam market, to compare with their rivals. As can be known, Avis not only can bring to their consumers many choices of luxury car which includes benefits and high quality services, but also can create some special package services for customers in entertainment and business such as Gold Package, Hanoi tour package, Avis Vietnam luxury Halong Bay cruise package. They are excellent services to help consumers to visit wonder places or tourist destinations of Vietnam. Especially, Avis has list of all golf courses in Vietnam to give customers to choose and they also are the leading cruise companies in Vietnam jointly offer you the Luxury Halong Bay Cruise Package. In US market, Avis apply the differentiation marketing strategy to develop as well. As can be seen, Avis in US has not only given care rental but also bought their car and they have a service to make their customer interest in which is ultimate test drive. The service gives consumers chance to try driving a car before they decide to buy it with many benefits: Thousands of low-mileage, late-model vehicles for sale More than 75 well-maintained makes and models Take Avis Ultimate Test Drive for two hours or up to 3 days Low, pre-posted pricing no negotiation Try before you buy  [3]   In my opinion, its really a good marketing strategy which is different and can attract customers come to Avis. Identify the value creation progress of Avis I would use value chain to analysis value creation progress of Avis Vietnam: Inbound Logistics Avis is exist and developing through many years, so that the relationship between the company and car suppliers or partners is very good. However, there are many Vietnams automobile taxes which are very high. Therefore, Avis should concentrate more about this point to reduce the cost. Operations Resource inputs are not only luxury cars. People are a resource especially in service industries. Therefore, Avis trains staffs to build trusted consumer relationships by the premium service. Outbound Logistics Avis product their services through network operators and system of offices in the world. The customer can book schedule by internet or offices. Any car was test carefully before serving customers. Marketing and Sales Avis group uses advertising on network social like Facebook, promotions, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to inform customers about their services. Besides that, Avis builds belief of customers by providing best service and allowed them to segment the market effectively. Service Avis supplies the best services to customers and the addition benefits with it. It is discount, insurance car or monthly check, repaired car, and so onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Support activities Procurement Acquire the resource inputs to the primary actives: Avis always supplied quality cars for their services. In addition, the company will be preferred to pick up the customer at airport by Vietnam airline or received tourist transport contacts from Vietnam national administration of tourism  [4]  . Technology development In my opinion, Avis certainly had some research about Vietnam market and demand of Vietnamese people. Therefore, they made a different thing with other market which is car rental including driver. In addition, they also dont buy their car at Vietnam market like others. Human resource management Avis always hide good drivers who even know to speak English. Avis always want to ensure about their quality services so that the attitude of employees is very important. Avis usually trains them carefully and also provide the chance to employees study and learning to develop their skill. Quality Management Avis believe that corporate sustainability can only be effective if it embraces all steps of the value chain. This is why the Avis not only sets the highest standards for itself but also expects suppliers and partners to meet ecological and social standard. Competitive advantage Resource based view (RBV) Hollensen, S. (2003) defined that long term competitiveness of a company depends on its resources that differentiate it from its competitors, so that the first step, I would analysis tangible resource and intangible resource of Avis Tangible: The quality of Avis car rental. Have more 5000 locations in the world. In Asian, Avis has over 34000 luxury cars for leasing and a large human resource with 2500 employees. Intangible: Strong brand name in the world. Avis has research about Vietnam market before jumping up. Experience in car rental business through many years Special services for any locations Skill and knowledge of employees. Avis has been active in this field for over 40 years, so they have a lot of experience in the car rental field. In addition, the core competence of Avis which is created by the combination of all tangible and intangible resources above, Avis would have a big competitive advantage in Vietnam market. Market oriented view (MOV) There are three main elements of environment which includes customer, competitors, environment; Avis has to adapt to create differentiations from their competitors. Customer: Vietnamese people has trend to own car, instead of using car rental services of Avis. Avis should have more strategies to stimulate customers to use services more. Competitors: Hertz, Enterprise, etc are Aviss major competitors. In Vietnam market, Avis would be competitive by smaller company who set the lower price for their services. Environment: Long-term car rental is preferred for the kind of customers who usually has to use car but dont want to pay a large of money to buy in a period. Especially, the service including driver to help their consumers not to worry about Vietnamese traffic laws which is very complicated. All these changes to suit with environment create differentiation for Aviss services. Base on analysis RBV and MOV, it founds that the core competence and those differentiation create competitive advantage for Avis in Vietnam market. PESTLE analysis Political Legal Environment: There is only one Party nationally in Vietnam, so that they have a stable political situation. In addition, the Government has had reform to develop suitably with international and nation situation at any period. Government also builds the Law of Foreign Investment to encourage organizations to invest in Vietnam market. However, the traffic in Vietnam isnt good, especially in Hanoi and Hochiminh with too large vehicle density, so that the Government has to limit the number of transport, especially car. Therefore, Government brings out policies and law (high taxed rate) applies for car, especially imported car. Economic The Vietnamese economy has been developing rapidly and in 2008, World Bank published that Vietnam is one of the best performing economies in the world over the last decade. Vietnam has joined WTO in 2007 and its quietly opened for foreign company to run business in the market. On the other hand, GDP in 2009-10 in Vietnam grew less than the 7% per annum average achieved during the last decade and the inflation rate increased from 7% to 9% because the global economic which affect to Vietnam, is unstably. Therefore, its really a opportunity with Avis because purchasing power would be decreased which means citizen wouldnt dare bring a large of money to buy car and they can choose Aviss services to save money. It can be a big chance which Avis should concentrate on. (See appendix 1) Social culture According to CIA, Vietnam is really a densely populated country with the population is over 90 million by 2011. However, the Vietnamese people are concentrated mainly in big cities such as Hanoi, Hochiminhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which is always potential markets for Avis. Thats reason why Avis opened two operations at the cities. The demand for using car of Vietnamese people is increasing rapidly, but they usually want to own one instead of renting car. That is a big different about culture among Vietnam and others. Technology: Nowadays, technology is focused by all of the governments in the world, media tools are developing more and more, especially internet. We can update all of news every time in everywhere. As can be seen that, media usually affect to customers buying behavior. In 2011, VNNIC published that 42% of poplar use internet as daily communication. We can be sure that advertising and promotion on internet network would help Avis to have a big advantage in marketing. In fact, Avis has promoted their advertising for the services in Vietnam market on their website and Facebook which can be connected easily with customers. Discussion SWOT analysis Strengths Avis is a strong brand name in car rental business in the world. They have developed their business very successful through over 40 years, so that their experiences in the field have been acknowledged. In addition, Avis has a large network with over 5000 locations in the international market. With over 34,000 cars and over 2,500 employees throughout the region, Avis is the leading international car rental brand in Asia and Avis really has good websites, retailer stores and operations around the world. The company also has many kinds of luxury cars to help their customers to choose. To use the long-term leasing of Avis, consumers would receive many benefits and services from Avis with the highest quality. Weakness Avis just appeared at Vietnam market in recent, so that they have only two operations at the country (at Hanoi capital and Ho Chi Minh City). The demand for long-term rental of Vietnamese people is not high and to change their minds is a difficult mission with the company. Opportunity Vietnam always is a potential market for almost of luxury products or services. The standard life of Vietnamese people is increasing more and more, so that to use new services or products can be interested by them. In addition, the service of Avis can help them to save their money although they can still use a luxury car. On the other hand, Avis has not many competitors who can bring to customers good services like them at Vietnam market. Threat Vietnamese Government doesnt encourage increasing the number of car in circulation at Vietnam, especially at Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh because the traffic congestion in the two cities is very high. Avis also should care about their competitor Satsco  [5]  that is an indigenous company. The key strengths and weaknesses of Avis existing marketing strategy Strengths Special services to attract customers Have many promotions with high quality services. Use professional website and Facebook to advertise Co-operated with many famous partners in Vietnam market. Weakness Just only two operations in Vietnam market (in Hanoi and Hochiminh) while Danang and Haiphongà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are also big cities which are potential markets as well. Avis dont publish their price on public, so that the customer will be lack of information. They dont advertise on other media like television, newspaperwhich are easy to attract customers. Recommendations Segmentation, Targeted, Positioning. Segmentation: The main customers of Aviss car long-term rental are both male and female who have at least average income or small company because they have demand to use car but they havent enough money or save their money. The largest number of customer would focus on big cities such as Hanoi, Hochiminh, Haiphong, Danangà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ However, the economy is developing, so that the segmentation in Vietnam market would be larger. Targeting: Socio-demographic Age: over 25 Income: Above $2000/month Education: graduated, post graduated Occupation: Businessman, artists Geographic: all three regions. Social class: upper-middle, lower-upper, upper-upper Behaviouristic Loyalty: moderate and loyalty Shopping habit: want to use high quality services. Psychographic Interest: class asserting Value: Living standard, convenience Benefit sought Product features: attractive, unique, promotions, benefits including. Positioning: Because of the high quality service, price of Aviss services wouldnt be cheap. High price Aviss car rental Low quality High quality Low price Growth strategy MarketMarket penetration; (for growth) or consolidation (to maintain position) or withdraw Product development Diversification Market Development Present New Present Product New Ansoffs matrix Avis has already had two operations in Hanoi and Hochiminh in Vietnam. Avis should think about expanding stores in other. Therefore, market development is suitable strategy for company at this time. Objective and Goal of Aviss car long-term rental Objective: Lead to the best car rental service in 2014 Goals: Increase revenue by 30% in next two year Have operations in Danang in 2013, Haiphong in 2015 Gain more 10% market share at the end of 2013 The detail plan would be present at Appendix 2. Marketing strategy and program (Marketing Mix) Marketing mix includes 7Ps which Avis has to apply in their marketing plan for achieving. Product: Product refers to the goods and services which firms offer to their customers. Firms must place sufficient importance to the product/service as well as the other aspects associated with the product that attract customer attention.  [6]   Aviss car rental was created to serve customers who need to use car but they havent enough money or want to save money for other works. Avis always understand demands of customers in Vietnam market. Therefore, in addition to normally benefits in services, Avis also make a new different service including drivers for the market which is very necessary with traffic conditions in Vietnam. Price: The price has always been regarded as an important competitive factor in attracting customers. The price of Avis is not published on their anywhere but the service of a famous company like Avis cant be cheap. Therefore, Avis should concentrate on the issue because the average income of Vietnamese people was just about $1.100 (2010). Promotion: Promotion plays an important role in companys marketing strategy. Firstly, we have to decide what components of the communication mix that should be used in the plan. There are many media that Avis can choose to promote: Television, Radio, Newspaper or Magazines, Internetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦In addition, Avis could advertise their service through internet networks such as Aviss official website, online newspapers, forums, social network (Facebook, Twitter, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). IT is developing more and more at the moment, so that it could be the most effective promoting channel with very low cost for Avis. On the other hand, Avis should bring out discount policy or giving giftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ which would attract more customers. (You can see more detail in Appendix 3) Place: At the moment, there are two ways for Avis to connect with customers. One way is that their customers can come to Aviss operation directly. Avis has two operations in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh for transaction. If customers havent time or are so far from the company, they can choose contact with Avis indirectly through their website. Its also comfortable and convenience. In the future, Avis should set to open more operations in other big cities of Vietnam to expand their market in Vietnam. People People are one of the key elements to help the organization to achieve. In this case of Avis, sale forces and drivers would direct communicate with customer so they create the image of Avis. Therefore, to train staffs is important mission with Avis. Process Avis should invest in RD project for better understanding customer need and RD is also help Avis gathering customer feedback because as can be seen that customer communication is an important process with the company. Avis also has to provide information (especially about price) to customers on their website and public through advertising. Physical evidence The car using in rental always need to be clear and comfortable, luxury, elegance to attack customers. In addition, drivers should wear uniform which can create imagine of Avis brand and its also show that the attitude serving of Avis is always professional. The customer can always believe in the company. CONCLUSION Car rental is a new type of services, especially in Vietnam. Vietnamese people are not really familiar with long-term leasing. However, with new marketing strategy, I believe Avis car long-term leasing would be more preferred and Avis would still lead to the first place in car rental industry not only in others but also in Vietnam market. World count: 3297 REFERENCES University of Sunderland, BA (Honor) (2005), Marketing Strategy, University of Sunderland. Kotler, P., Wong, V., Saunders, J. and Armstrong, G. (2005), Principles of Marketing, 4th European edition, Pearson Education, Prentice Hall Ansoff, I. (1965), Corporate strategy, New York: McGraw Hill Barker, M. (1992) Marketing strategy and management, 2nd edition, HongKong : Macmillan Dyson, R. 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Male Dominance Over Women Traced Back to Roman Times :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Male Dominance Traced Back to Roman Times Women are enigmatic. Their complexity is evident in their very anatomy; at least it was according to Plato. Therefore, as what is alien is often feared and what is feared is often subject to aggression, perhaps the men of Rome attempted to dominate women in every facet of life because they feared the possibility of women usurping power. Gender, as suggested by Women's Life in Greece and Rome and "Elite Male Identity in the Roman Empire," is not anatomy but power. Yet how can one be more powerful than an unknown entity? Men can only hope to dominate a species they do not even understand through carefully crafted treatises on anatomy, laws, education, and the unbreakable chains of culture and tradition. Plato boldly states that women are simply underdeveloped men. He does this through the argument that blood creates heat in the body and heat sustains and strengthens the body; so, because women lose blood through regular menstruation, women are cold and therefore weak. Moreover, women are created through a "deficiency of heat" in conception (qtd. in Lefkowitz et al. 228). Plato asserts that because "all concoction works by means of heat" and "some of the body's parts are 'principles'" (qtd. in Lefkowitz et al. 229), a lack of heat will affect concoction which will, in turn, affect a principle body part. This is crucial to the development of the body as "once a principle has been 'moved' (i.e. changed), many of the parts which cohere with it must of necessity change as well" (qtd. in Lefkowitz et al. 229). Therefore, no heat in concoction, or conception, creates a woman, and a woman, subsequently, has no heat in her body. Plato reinforces his theory of heat's effect on the body with o bservations of other body parts. For example, humans go bald on the front part of their head only because, "the brain is there" (qtd. in Lefkowitz et al. 229), and the brain's fluid absorbs the very little heat necessary for hair to exist. Women cannot go bald, on the other hand, because they are incapable of creating the most heated substance that the body can produce: "seminal secretions" (qtd. in Lefkowitz et al. 229). This argument makes logical sense within its own confines, and Plato is able to successfully defend his assertion that "a woman is as it were an infertile male" (qtd.